kodambak@uiuc.edu
University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
ESB 1-135, 1101 W. Springfield Avenue, Urbana, IL 61801
Ph: 217 333-3481, fax: 217 244-2278

Nationality
India

Education
          University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, IL (1997-2002)
          Ph.D. in Materials Science and Engineering (September 2002)
          Thesis: "In Situ High-Temperature Scanning Tunneling Microscopy Studies of Early Stage Growth Kinetics During TiN Epitaxy."
          Advisor: Prof. Joseph E. Greene.

• Developed and supervised research projects for 2 Ph.D. students (2002-present).
• Tutored Math, Physics, and Chemistry for undergraduates (1998-1999).
• Teaching assistant, metals corrosion laboratory, University of Illinois (1997).

• Demonstrated for the first time, using real-time low-energy electron microscopy, that dislocations terminating on surfaces of crystalline solids act as facile channels for mass transport from the bulk to the surface.
• Also see "Ongoing research collaborations."

• Investigated early stage growth kinetics and surface dynamics of epitaxial TiN(001) and TiN(111) layers using in situ high-temperature scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) and low-energy electron microscopy (LEEM).
• Developed new analytical and experimental methods to quantitatively describe near-equilibrium dynamics of highly anisotropic two-dimensional (2D) island coarsening, shape fluctuations, and coalescence kinetics and hence determined surface mass transport parameters and orientation-dependent absolute step energies, step stiffnesses, and kink energies.
• Determined microstructure, surface morphology, and composition of epitaxial TiN layers using x-ray diffraction (XRD), atomic force microscopy (AFM), Auger electron spectroscopy (AES), and low-energy electron diffraction (LEED).
• Developed computer codes to automate analyses of several hundreds of STM and LEEM images, to model 2D island dynamics phenomena, and to extract surface energetics.
• Developed a novel process for synthesis of sub-micron WC powders (at Southern Illinois University)

• Prof. Tai Chiang, Physics Dept., Univ. Illinois: Cr(100) surface and bulk mass transport kinetics.
• Prof. Ralph Nuzzo, Chemistry Dept., Univ. Illinois: Reactive formation and decomposition of Aluminum hydrides on Al(111).
• Prof. David Cahill, Materials Science Dept. Univ. Illinois: Si(110) surface and step energetics.
• Prof. Peter Flynn, Physics Dept., University of Illinois and Dr. Navot Israeli, Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel: Temperature-dependent step-step interactions on Nb(110).
• Prof. Sanjay V. Khare, Physics Dept., University of Toledo: TiN(111) spiral step dynamics.
• Prof. David Chopp, Applied Mathematics Dept., Northwestern University: Level set simulations of 2D TiN(001) and TiN(111) island coarsening kinetics.
• Profs. Per Persson and Lars Hultman, Thin film Physics Dept., Linköping University, Sweden: Growth and characterization of epitaxial Transition-Metal Aluminum Nitride (MAN) phases.
• Within the group:
• Low-energy ion irradiation effects on surface morphological evolution of sputter-deposited TiN(001) layers;
• Vicinal Si(124) surface faceting transition kinetics;

• Organizer, American Vacuum Society Prairie Chapter meeting (2004).
• Symposium chair, Int'l Conf. Metallurgical Coatings and Thin Films (2004 & 2005).
• Member of the American Vacuum Society (1999, 2002-present).
• Session Chair Midwest Solid State Conference, Urbana, IL (2002).
• Member of the Materials Research Society (2001-2002).
• Member of the American Ceramic Society (1996).
• Referee for Phys. Rev. B, Phys. Rev. E, Thin Solid Films, and JVST-A.

• Ross J. Martin award, outstanding doctoral thesis, College of Engineering, UIUC (2003).
• Best poster presentation award: AVS Prairie Chapter, Chicago, IL (2002).
• Graduate student award finalist, E-MRS spring meeting, Strasbourg, France (2001).
• Gold medal, outstanding graduate research, MRS spring meeting, San Francisco, CA (2001).
• Mavis Memorial Fund Scholarship, College of Engineering, UIUC (2001).
• Ivan Racheff award, outstanding graduate research, Dept. Materials Science, UIUC (2000).
• Best poster presentation award: NSF-DARPA Virtual Integrated Prototyping project review, Champaign, IL (1998).

Manuscripts in preparation

1. (Invited review) S. Kodambaka, S.V. Khare, I. Petrov, and J.E. Greene, "Analyses of Anisotropic 2D Island Coarsening, Shape Fluctuation, and Shape Evolution Kinetics," Surf. Sci. Rep., to be submitted.
2. S. Kodambaka, S.V. Khare, J. Bareño, W. ?wi?ch, I. Petrov, and J.E. Greene, "Nucleation and Growth Kinetics of Spiral Steps on TiN(111): An In Situ LEEM Study," in preparation.

1. J. Bareño, S. Kodambaka, S.V. Khare, W. ?wi?ch, I. Petrov, and J.E. Greene, "Quantitative determination of anisotropic attachment/detachment barriers from analyses of two-dimensional TiN(111) island decay kinetics," submitted to Surf. Sci.
2. F. Watanabe, S. Kodambaka, W. ?wi?ch, J.E. Greene, and D.G. Cahill, "LEEM study of island decay on Si(110)," Surf. Sci. 572, 425 (2004).
3. S. Kodambaka, Navot Israeli, J. Bareño, W. ?wi?ch, K. Ohmori, I. Petrov, and J.E. Greene, "Low-Energy Electron Microscopy Studies of Interlayer Mass Transport Kinetics on TiN(111)," Surf. Sci. 560, 53 (2004).
4. S. Kodambaka, S.V. Khare, W. ?wi?ch, K. Ohmori, I. Petrov, and J.E. Greene, "Dislocation-Driven Surface Dynamics on Solids," Nature 429, 49 (2004).

Also reported in Materials Today July/Aug'04.
5. (Invited paper) S. Kodambaka, S.V. Khare, V. Petrova, A. Vailionis, I. Petrov, and J.E. Greene, "Determination of Absolute Orientation-Dependent TiN(001) and TiN(111) Step Energies," Vacuum74, 345 (2004).

Featured article in the Omicron Pico newsletter:"In situ High-Temperature STM Studies of Surface Dynamics on Atomically Smooth TiN(001) and TiN(111)," vol 7, 8 (2003).
6. T.-Y. Lee, S. Kodambaka, J.G. Wen, R. Twesten, I. Petrov, and J.E. Greene, "Nanostructural Evolution of Ti_0.8Ce_0.2N layers grown on oxidized Si(001) by magnetron sputter deposition as a function of low energy, high flux ion irradiation," Appl. Phys. Lett. 84, 2796 (2004).
7. S. Kodambaka, David L. Chopp, I. Petrov, and J.E. Greene, "Determination of Edge-Atom Mobilities during Coalescence of Two-Dimensional TiN Islands on Atomically-smooth TiN(001) and TiN(111) Terraces," Surf. Sci. Lett. 540, L611 (2003).

Graduate research at University of Illinois (July 1997-Sept. 2002)
8. D. Gall, S. Kodambaka, M.A. Wall, I. Petrov, and J.E. Greene, "Pathways of Atomistic processes on TiN(001) and (111) surfaces during film growth: an ab initio study," J. Appl. Phys. 93, 9086 (2003).
9. S. Kodambaka, V. Petrova, A. Vailionis, I. Petrov, and J. E. Greene^, "In Situ High-Temperature Scanning Tunneling Microscopy Studies of Two-Dimensional TiN Island Coarsening Kinetics on TiN(001)," Surf. Sci. 526, 85 (2003).
10. S. Kodambaka, S.V. Khare, V. Petrova, D.D. Johnson, I. Petrov, and J.E. Greene, "Absolute Orientation-Dependent Anistropic TiN(111) Island Step Energies and Stiffnesses from Shape Fluctuation Analyses," Phys. Rev. B 67, 035409 (2003).
11. S.V. Khare, S. Kodambaka, D.D. Johnson, I. Petrov, and J.E. Greene, "Determining Absolute Orientation-Dependent Step Energies: A general theory for the Wulff-Construction and for Anisotropic Two Dimensional Island Shape Fluctuations," Surf. Sci. 522, 75 (2003).
12. S. Kodambaka, V. Petrova, S.V. Khare, A. Rockett, I. Petrov, and J.E. Greene, "Size-Dependent Detachment-Limited Decay Kinetics of Two-Dimensional TiN islands on TiN(111)," Phys. Rev. Lett. 89, 176102 (2002).
13. S. Kodambaka, S.V. Khare, V. Petrova, A. Vailionis, I. Petrov, and J.E. Greene, "Absolute Orientation-Dependent TiN(001) Step Energies from Two-Dimensional Equilibrium Island Shape and Coarsening Measurements on Epitaxial TiN(001) Layers," Surf. Sci.513, 468 (2002).
14. S. Kodambaka, V. Petrova, S.V. Khare, D.D. Johnson, I. Petrov, and J.E. Greene, "Absolute TiN(111) Step Energies from Analysis of Anisotropic Island Shape Fluctuations," Phys. Rev. Lett. 88, 146101 (2002).
15. F. H. Baumann, D. L. Chopp, T. Díaz de la Rubia, G. H. Gilmer, J. E. Greene, H. Huang, S. Kodambaka, P. O’Sullivan, and I. Petrov, "Multi-scale modeling of thin film deposition: Applications to Si device processing," MRS Bull. 26, 182 (2001).
16. M.J. Williamson, D.N. Dunn, R. Hull, S. Kodambaka, and J.E. Greene, "Evolution of Nano-Scale Texture in Ultra-Thin Films," Appl. Phys. Lett. 78, 2223 (2001).
17. S. Kodambaka, V. Petrova, A. Vailionis, P. Desjardins, D. G. Cahill, I. Petrov, and J. E. Greene^, "TiN(001) and TiN(111) Island Coarsening Kinetics: In-situ Scanning Tunneling Microscopy Studies," Thin Solid Films 392, 164 (2001).
18. N. Finnegan, R.T. Hasch, D. Gall, S. Kodambaka, J.E. Greene, and I. Petrov, "A Comparison of Auger Electron Spectra from Stoichiometric Epitaxial TiN(001) After (1) UHV Cleaving and (2) after Ar⁺ Sputter Etching," Surf. Sci. Spectra 7, no. 2 (2000).
19. S. Kodambaka, V. Petrova, A. Vailionis, P. Desjardins, D.G. Cahill, I. Petrov, and J.E. Greene, "In-situ High-Temperature Scanning Tunneling Microscopy Studies of Two-Dimensional Island Decay Kinetics on Atomically Smooth TiN(001)," Surf. Rev. Lett. 7, 589 (2000).

At Southern Illinois University (August 1995-December 1996)
20. R. Koc and S.K. Kodambaka, "Tungsten carbide (WC) synthesis from novel precursors," J. Eur. Ceram. Soc. 20, 1859 (2000).
21. R. Koc and S.K. Kodambaka, "New Process for Producing Submicron Tungsten Monocarbide Powders," J. Mater. Sci. Lett. 18, 1469 (1999).

1. S. Kodambaka, S.V. Khare, V. Petrova, W. Swiech, J. Bareno, K. Ohmori, I. Petrov, and J.E. Greene, "Nanoscale Morphological Evolution Kinetics on TiN Surfaces: An In-situ STM and LEEM Study," Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan, August 2004.
2. S. Kodambaka, S.V. Khare, V. Petrova, W. Swiech, J. Bareno, K. Ohmori, I. Petrov, and J.E. Greene, "Atomic-level Understanding of the Ion-Beam-Assisted Growth of Ceramic Nanostructures," National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), Tsukuba, Japan, August 2004.
3. S. Kodambaka, S.V. Khare, V. Petrova, W. Swiech, J. Bareno, K. Ohmori, I. Petrov, and J.E. Greene, "Nanoscale Morphological Evolution Kinetics on TiN Surfaces: An In-situ STM and LEEM Study," IBM TJ Watson center, Yorktown Heights, NY, July 2004.
4. S. Kodambaka, S.V. Khare, V. Petrova, W. Swiech, J. Bareno, K. Ohmori, I. Petrov, and J.E. Greene, "Quantitative Determination of Nanoscale Morphological Evolution Kinetics on TiN Surfaces Studied using In-situ Scanning Tunneling Microscopy and Low-Energy Electron Microscopy," Dept. Mechanical Engineering and Energy Processes, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL, February 2004.
5. S. Kodambaka, S.V. Khare, V. Petrova, W. Swiech, D.L. Chopp, A. Vailionis, J. Bareno, K. Ohmori, I. Petrov, and J.E. Greene, "Two-Dimensional TiN(001) and TiN(111) Island Dynamics: An In-situ STM and LEEM Study," Sandia National Laboratories, Livermore, CA, January 2004.
6. S. Kodambaka, V. Petrova, S.V. Khare, A. Vailionis, David L. Chopp, I. Petrov, and J.E. Greene, "In-situ High-Temperature Scanning Tunneling Microscopy Studies of Surface Dynamics on Epitaxial TiN(001) and TiN(111) Layers," Int'l Conf. on Metallurgical Coatings and Thin Films, San Diego, CA, April 2003.
7. S. Kodambaka, V. Petrova, S.V. Khare, A. Vailionis, David L. Chopp, I. Petrov, and J.E. Greene, "In-situ High-Temperature Scanning Tunneling Microscopy Studies of Surface Dynamics on Epitaxial TiN(001) and TiN(111) Layers," Center for Microanalysis of Materials, Frederick Seitz Materials Research Laboratory, Urbana, IL, March 2003.
8. S. Kodambaka, V. Petrova, W. Swiech, A. Vailionis, P. Desjardins, D.G. Cahill, I. Petrov, and J.E. Greene, "In-situ High-Temperature Scanning Tunneling Microscopy Studies of Early Stage Growth Kinetics of TiN epitaxy," C.E.A.-Saclay, France, June 2001.
9. S. Kodambaka, V. Petrova, W. Swiech, A. Vailionis, P. Desjardins, D.G. Cahill, I. Petrov, and J.E. Greene, "In-situ High-Temperature Scanning Tunneling Microscopy Studies of Early Stage Growth Kinetics of TiN epitaxy," Forschungszentrum Jülich, Germany, June 2001.
10. S. Kodambaka, V. Petrova, A. Vailionis, I. Petrov, and J.E. Greene, "In-situ High-Temperature Scanning Tunneling Microscopy Studies of Early Stage Growth Kinetics during TiN Epitaxy," Bell Laboratories, Murray Hill, NJ, June 2000.

1. S. Kodambaka, S.V. Khare, W. ?wi?ch, K. Ohmori, I. Petrov, and J.E. Greene, "In Situ High-Temperature Low Energy Electron Microscopy Studies of Spiral Dislocation Dynamics on TiN(111) Terraces," AVS Int'l Symposium, Baltimore, MD, November 2003.
2. S. Kodambaka, V. Petrova, S.V. Khare, David L. Chopp, I. Petrov, and J.E. Greene, "In Situ High-Temperature Scanning Tunneling Microscopy Studies of Two-Dimensional TiN Island Dynamics on Epitaxial (001) and (111) TiN Terraces," Surface Analysis an AVS topical conference, Urbana, IL, June 2003.
3. S. Kodambaka, S.V. Khare, V. Petrova, A. Vailionis, I. Petrov, and J.E. Greene, "Absolute Orientation-Dependent TiN(001) Step Energies from Two-Dimensional Equilibrium Island Shape and Coarsening Measurements on Epitaxial TiN(001) Layers," AVS Int'l Symposium, Denver, CO, November 2002.
4. S. Kodambaka, V. Petrova, S.V. Khare, A. Rockett, I. Petrov, and J.E. Greene, "Size-Dependent Detachment-Limited Decay Kinetics of Two-Dimensional TiN islands on TiN(111)," 50^th Midwest Solid State Conference, Urbana, IL, October 2002.
5. S. Kodambaka, V. Petrova, S.V. Khare, D. Gall, A. Rockett, I. Petrov, and J.E. Greene, "Size-Dependent Detachment-Limited Decay Kinetics of Two-Dimensional TiN islands on TiN(111)," AVS Prairie chapter meeting, Chicago, IL, October 2002.
6. S. Kodambaka, V. Petrova, A. Vailionis, P. Desjardins, D.G. Cahill, I. Petrov, and J.E. Greene, "In-situ High-Temperature Scanning Tunneling Microscopy Studies of Early Stage Growth Kinetics of TiN(001)/TiN(001)," European Materials Research Society, Strasbourg, France, June 2001.
7. (MRS award talk) S. Kodambaka, V. Petrova, A. Vailionis, P. Desjardins, D.G. Cahill, I. Petrov, and J.E. Greene, "In-situ High-Temperature Scanning Tunneling Microscopy Studies of Early Stage Growth Kinetics of TiN(001)/TiN(001)," Materials Research Society, San Francisco, April 2001.
8. S. Kodambaka, D. Chopp, P. Desjardins, A. Vailionis, I. Petrov, and J.E. Greene, "TiN(001) Epitaxy: An in situ Temperature-Dependent STM and Level-Set Modeling Study," AVS Int'l Symposium, Seattle, WA, October 1999.
9. S.K. Kodambaka and R. Koc, "Synthesis of Submicron Tungsten Monocarbide Powders Using a Novel Tungsten Trioxide Precursors," American Ceramic Society (ACerS) Meeting on Composites, Advanced Ceramics, Materials and Structures, Cocoa Beach, FL, January 12-16, 1997.
10. S.K. Kodambaka, J.S. Folmer, R. Koc, "Carbothermal Synthesis of Submicron TiC Powders Using Carbon-Coated Titania Precursor," ACerS 98^th Annual Meeting, Indianapolis, April 14-17, 1996.

1. S.V. Khare, S. Kodambaka, W. ?wi?ch, K. Ohmori, I. Petrov, and J.E. Greene, "Dislocation-Driven Surface Dynamics on Solids," A.V.S. Prairie Chapter meeting, Urbana, IL, June 2004.
2. W. Swiech, S. Kodambaka, S.V. Khare, K. Ohmori, J. Bareño, I. Petrov, and J.E. Greene, "Dislocation-Driven Spiral Step Dynamics on TiN(111): An In-Situ High-Temperature LEEM Study," 4^th Int'l Conference on LEEM/PEEM, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands, May 2004.
3. W. Swiech, S. Kodambaka, S.V. Khare, J. Bareño, K. Ohmori, N. Israeli, I. Petrov, and J.E. Greene, "Dislocation-Driven Spiral Step Dynamics on TiN(111): An In-Situ High-Temperature LEEM Study," Symposium on Surface Science, St. Christoph am Arlberg, Austria, March 2004.
4. J.E. Greene, C.-S. Shin, S. Kodambaka, K. Ohmori, and I. Petrov, "Microstructural and Surface Morphological Evolution at the Atomic Scale during Growth of Transition-Metal Nitride Coatings: Self-organized Nanostructures," Belgian Vacuum Society symposium, Gent, Belgium, November 2003.
5. T.-Y. Lee, S. Kodambaka, D. Gall, J.G.Wen, R.D. Twesten, J.E. Greene, and I. Petrov, "Controlled nanostructural evolution in Ti_1-xCe_xN layers grown as a function of low energy, high flux ion irradiation," AVS Int'l Symposium, Baltimore, MD, November 2003.
6. W. Swiech, S. Kodambaka, Navot Israeli, J. Bareño, K. Ohmori, I. Petrov, and J.E. Greene, "Low-Energy Electron Microscopy Studies of Bulk Diffusion-Mediated Two-Dimensional TiN Island Coarsening Kinetics on TiN(111)," 22^nd European Conference on Surface Science, Praha, Czech Republic, September 2003.
7. D. Gall, C.-S. Shin, M.A. Wall, S. Kodambaka, K. Ohmori, I. Petrov, J.E. Greene, "Nanopipes in Epitaxial CrN, ScN, TiN, and TaN Layers," Int'l Conf. on Metallurgical Coatings and Thin Films, San Diego, CA, April-May 2003.
8. (Plenary Lecture) J.E. Greene, S. Kodambaka, S.V. Khare, V. Petrova, and I. Petrov, "Microstructural and Surface Morphological Evolution at the Atomic Scale during Reactive Sputter Deposition of Transition Nitride Layers," International Symposium on Reactive Sputter Processes and Related Phenomena, Gent, Belgium, November 2002.
9. (Invited talk) J.E. Greene, S. Kodambaka, S.V. Khare, V. Petrova, and I. Petrov, "In-situ STM and LEEM Studies of Coarsening and Shape Fluctuation in Self-Organized 2D Nanoclusters on TiN(001) and TiN(111): The Key to Understanding Texture Evolution," IUVSTA Workshop on the Mechanisms of Formation and Applications of Hard Nanostructured Coatings, Plzen, Czech Republic, October 2002.
10. (Invited talk) J.E. Greene, S. Kodambaka, S.V. Khare, V. Petrova, and I. Petrov, " Microstructural and Surface Morphological Evolution at the Atomic Scale during Sputter Deposition of TiN: a HR-TEM, XRD, STM, and Modeling Study," AVS Meeting, Chicago, October 2002.

Prof. Joseph E. Greene
Dept. Materials Science,
University of Illinois,
Urbana, IL 61801 USA.
jegreene@uiuc.edu

Prof. Ivan Petrov
Director, Center for Microanalysis of Materials (DOE National Facility),
104 S. Goodwin Avenue,
Urbana, IL 61801 USA.
ph: 217-333-8396, fax: 217-244-2278
petrov@uiuc.edu

Prof. Lars Hultman
Director, Thin Film Physics,
Dept. Physics and Measurement Technology
Linköping University, Sweden
lhn@ifm.liu.se

Prof. David G. Cahill
Dept. Materials Science,
University of Illinois,
Urbana, IL 61801 USA.
ph: 217-333-6753, fax: 217-244-2278
d-cahill@uiuc.edu

Prof. Duane D. Johnson
Dept. Materials Science,
University of Illinois,
Urbana, IL 61801 USA.
ph: 217-265-0319, fax: 217-333-2736
duanej@uiuc.edu

Prof. C. Peter Flynn
Physics Dept., University of Illinois,
1110 W. Green St.
Urbana, IL 61801 USA
ph: 217-244-6297, fax: 217-333-9819